• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Truffle cultivation system, which includes equipping a host plant for truffle cultivation with a container medium where rooting of the host plant develops in a mixture of a substrate suitable for truffle cultivation and truffle spores contained in the container medium., where, the containing medium comprises a bottom wall with a hole adapted to be crossed by a main root of the host plant, where, superficial secondary roots of the host plant develop in contact with the mixture while being kept separate from the rest of roots of the host plant through the back wall. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2748066A1
    申请号:ES201830883
    申请日:2018-09-12
    公开日:2020-03-12
    发明作者:Perez Adrian Karmi
    申请人:Perez Adrian Karmi；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] TRUFFLE CULTIVATION SYSTEM
    [0003]
    [0004] TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [0005]
    [0006] The present invention is related to culture systems for the production of truffles. In particular, with a localized truffle cultivation system that allows to obtain a greater quantity and better quality of truffles, at a lower energy cost, based on the realization of a "root bipartition", that is, a selection of the roots of the host plant of the truffle culture, as well as a centralization of the truffle culture.
    [0007]
    [0008] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0009]
    [0010] Different truffle species are known, among them, the most commercialized is the black truffle ( Tuber Melanosporum), in addition, other highly prized varieties are also commercialized such as the white truffle ( Tuber Magnatum), the summer truffle ( Tuber Avestium) and the winter truffle ( Tuber Brumale). The truffle, being a fungus, grows associated with the roots of a host plant, creating a symbiosis between both organisms. It is an ectomycorrhizal fungus , that is, the hyphae or "roots" of the fungus wrap the roots of the tree creating the ectomycorrhizae, which are the points where the exchange of benefits occurs. The fungus contributes minerals and water to the host plant, while the latter provides vitamins and carbon produced by photosynthesis that the truffle is not capable of producing on its own.
    [0011]
    [0012] On the other hand, truffle is a gourmet product that is used in haute cuisine and that has a high acquisition cost due to its high demand and limited supply. For example, in the case of black truffle, it grows wild only in some regions of Spain, France and Italy, and its production is not enough to supply the world market. There are also other countries such as Morocco that produces the summer truffle naturally, and China that exports around 800 tons of truffle of the Tuber Indicum species .
    [0013] Today, although the biological cycle of the truffle is not exactly known, many of the characteristics that the soil must have for its optimal growth are known. In addition, there are nurseries that produce mycorrhizal quality plants in the laboratory. Research is also carried out on the creation of new fertilizers and on the reproduction system of the fungus.
    [0014]
    [0015] Despite the scientific advances in the field of mycotechnics in recent years, the production and harvesting of truffles is still largely very traditional, consisting of planting trees extensively, carrying out soil work, pruning, irrigation , etc., and from the fifth year onwards, in the manual collection of truffles, which is annual and is carried out with the help of trained animals to locate truffle niches.
    [0016]
    [0017] Likewise, other localized truffle farming systems are known, as is the case of the technique known as truffle wells, for example, shown in the utility model document ES 1096631, which shows a truffle growing system. which consists of equipping the tree dedicated to the cultivation of truffles, that is, the host plant, with wells or ditches in its environment, which are perforations distributed around the tree that are provided with a mixture of special substrate for truffle growing and spores truffle, being also equipped with an underground water dosing system provided with anti-clogging devices.
    [0018]
    [0019] By practicing these wells, it is possible to break the roots of the host tree or plant, causing the subsequent growth of micro-roots that will be contaminated by the truffle spores contained in the mixture deposited in the wells, achieving a localized growth of truffles. However, there is limited control over the environment in which truffles reproduce, their cultivation remains decentralized, and trained animals are still needed to search for and collect truffles.
    [0020]
    [0021] Likewise, it is known from patent document FR 2642262 an intensive culture method of truffles of an industrial nature, which consists of preparing the medium where the rooting of the truffle host plant will take place, delimiting it precisely and improving its homogeneity , grain size and composition. For this, firstly, the surface layer of the soil is removed by mechanical means creating in it a trench, where the substrate thus removed is sieved to adjust its grain size and to eliminate undesirable articles such as large stones, foreign bodies or roots. Subsequently, the sieved substrate is deposited again in the trench obtained, after having placed a screen of geotextile material on the bottom and on both sides of said trench, which is permeable to water and gases but cannot be penetrated by the roots of the host plant, the latter, after mycorrhization in a nursery, is planted in the substrate contained in the trench, where the volume of substrate used by the roots of the host plant is delimited by the geotextile screen. The substrate can be partially or completely replaced by another additive that is suitable for the type of truffle to be grown.
    [0022]
    [0023] The previous solution has the disadvantage of being complex and expensive since the use of mechanical means is required for shaping the trench, sieving the substrate and placing the geotextile screen on the trench before depositing the sieved substrate. In addition, the development of all the roots of the host plant is controlled unnecessarily, since, as is known, the zone of maximum production of truffles resides in the superficial secondary roots of the host plant.
    [0024]
    [0025] For this reason, it is required to design, in a simple and economic way, a truffle cultivation system that manages to overcome the previous drawbacks or disadvantages.
    [0026]
    [0027] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0028]
    [0029] The present invention relates to a localized truffle culture system, which includes equipping a truffle culture host plant with a container medium where rooting of the host plant develops in a mixture of a substrate suitable for truffle cultivation and truffle spores contained in the container medium.
    [0030]
    [0031] The containing medium comprises a bottom wall with a hole adapted to be crossed by a main root of the host plant, in such a way that superficial secondary roots of the host plant develop in contact with the mixture of substrate suitable for truffle growing and spores truffle contained in the middle container, while said superficial secondary roots are kept separated from the rest of the roots of the host plant by means of the bottom wall of said container medium.
    [0032]
    [0033] Thus, it is possible to obtain an effective and efficient localized truffle culture system, being based on a "root bipartition" carried out in the host plant, where the superficial secondary roots of the host plant, which are the zone of maximum production of truffles, they are kept in contact with the mixture of substrate suitable for truffle cultivation and truffle spores, while the rest of the root of the host plant is not exposed unnecessarily to the mixture contained in the container medium.
    [0034]
    [0035] Thus, growth is intensified and truffle production within the container medium is increased, obtaining greater availability, facilitating access to the fungus for harvesting, and totally eliminating the need for trained animals for its search. Likewise, there is greater control over the characteristics of the substrate and the environment in which the fungus is found, regardless of the soil of the plot where the host plant is planted. With this, the number of plots suitable for cultivation is increased, the management of herbaceous competition is facilitated, and finally, an extraction of greater quantity and quality of truffles is achieved.
    [0036]
    [0037] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    [0038]
    [0039] The present specification is complemented with a set of figures illustrating the preferred and never limiting example of the invention.
    [0040]
    [0041] Figure 1 represents a schematic sectional front view of the truffle cultivation system.
    [0042]
    [0043] Figure 2 represents an enlarged detail of Figure 1, which shows in more detail the irrigation means and a first example of embodiment of the drainage means of the truffle cultivation system.
    [0044] DETAILED EXHIBITION OF THE INVENTION
    [0045]
    [0046] In view of the foregoing, the present invention relates to a localized truffle culture system.
    [0047]
    [0048] As shown in Figure 1, the truffle culture system includes equipping a truffle culture host plant (1) with a container medium (2). For example, the host plant (1) could be an oak previously inoculated with truffle spores and subsequently planted within the container medium (2). In this way, in the container medium (2) a rooting of the host plant (1) develops in a mixture (3) of a substrate suitable for truffle cultivation and truffle spores contained in the container medium (2).
    [0049]
    [0050] For example, the substrate suitable for truffle cultivation used in the mixture (3) could comprise microbial biostimulants and / or truffle fertilizer, that is, the nutrients necessary for the truffle to form and develop, as well as active ingredients that promote mycorrhization and rooting process. As for the truffle spores, they are present in the mixture (3) in an amount sufficient to generate new mycorrhizae between the fungus and the host plant (1).
    [0051]
    [0052] For its part, the containing medium (2) comprises a bottom wall (2.1) with a hole (2.11) adapted to be crossed by a main root (1.1) of the host plant (1), in such a way that some roots Superficial secondaries (1.2) of the host plant (1) develop in contact with the mixture (3) while being kept separate from the rest of the roots (1.3) of the host plant (1) by means of the bottom wall (2.1) .
    [0053]
    [0054] In this way, it is achieved that only the roots of the host plant (1) that make up the area of maximum truffle production, that is, its superficial secondary roots (1.2), are those that are in contact with the mixture (3) , thus guaranteeing an effective and efficient production of the truffle with easy access for harvesting in the upper part of the container medium (2).
    [0055]
    [0056] Preferably, as in the embodiment shown in the figures, the container means (2) is arranged, as a planter, above a ground (4) where it is planted the host plant (1). However, a part or the whole of the container means (2) could be arranged superficially buried in the ground (4). In any case, containing a mixture (3) based on a substrate that may be different from the soil (4). With this, the truffle cultivation can be carried out independently of the soil or terrain (4) of the plot where the host plant (1) is planted.
    [0057]
    [0058] The container means (2) could comprise a perimeter side wall (2.3), either, cylindrical, square, rectangular or in any other possible geometric shape. For example, the perimeter side wall (2.3) could have an interior height of approximately 30 cm. For example, filling in its lower 20 cm of the mixture (3), and in its upper 10 cm, with the same substrate that makes up the land (4) of the plot where the host plant (1) is planted, in case of that the soil substrate (4) does not affect or is in any way beneficial for truffle cultivation. In other cases, the containing medium (2) can be filled only with the mixture (3), or another beneficial substrate can be used for truffle cultivation, which covers the 10 cm above mentioned above.
    [0059]
    [0060] On the other hand, it is preferred that the container medium (2) is made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam, for example, as it is a very light and resistant material that cannot be traversed by the roots, effectively keeping the secondary roots isolated. superficial (1.2) of the rest of the roots (1.3) of the host plant (1). EPS has an excellent capacity for thermal insulation against heat and cold, because 98% of its volume is air at rest. Likewise, it is a hygroscopic material. Even when completely submerged in water, the absorption levels are minimal, with values ranging from 1% to 3% by volume (immersion test after 28 days). Likewise, it does not constitute a nutritive substrate for microorganisms; it is rot-proof, it does not mold and it does not decompose. It is also not affected by soil bacteria, nor does it have any harmful environmental influence, nor is it dangerous for the waters. Its compression deformation is less than 2%, after 50 years under permanent compression stress. Likewise, it is stable against many chemical products, and its use temperature limit is around 100oC for short-term actions and around 80oC for continuous actions.
    [0061] As best shown in Figure 2, the cultivation system may additionally comprise irrigation means (5), which form irrigation points that guide the growth of the superficial secondary roots (1.2) of the host plant (1 ) through the mixture (3) contained in the container medium (2), promoting an adequate growth pattern and, in addition, obtaining greater access to the truffle nest. Preferably, at the irrigation points, the mixture (3) contained in the container medium (2) can be enhanced annually with additional truffle waits.
    [0062]
    [0063] Preferably, the irrigation means (5) comprise microtubes (5.1) equipped with anti-plugging devices (5.2), and preferably, they are arranged underground. Likewise, advantageously, the irrigation means (5) can operate automatically.
    [0064]
    [0065] Likewise, the culture system could additionally comprise drainage means. For example, like the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the bottom wall (2.1) of the container means (2) could comprise drainage holes (2.2). Or, the bottom wall (2.1) of the container medium (2) could be permeable to water, for example, made of a geotextile material, which is also resistant to being traversed by the roots, keeping the superficial secondary roots isolated ( 1.2) of the rest of the roots (1.3) of the host plant (1).
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1.-Truffle cultivation system, which includes equipping a host plant (1) for truffle cultivation with a container medium (2) where a rooting of the host plant (1) takes place in a mixture (3) of a substrate suitable for truffle growing and truffle spores contained in the container medium (2), characterized in that the container medium (2) comprises a bottom wall (2.1) with a hole (2.11) adapted to be crossed by a main root (1.1) of the host plant (1), where superficial secondary roots (1.2) of the host plant (1) develop in contact with the mixture (3) while being kept separate from the rest of the roots (1.3) of the host plant ( 1) by means of the bottom wall (2.1).
    [2]
    2.-System according to claim 1, in which the container means (2) is arranged, as a planter, above a field (4) where the host plant (1) is planted.
    [3]
    3.-System according to claim 1, wherein the container means (2) comprises a perimeter side wall (2.3) with an interior height of approximately 30 cm.
    [4]
    4.-System according to claim 1, wherein the bottom wall (2.1) of the container means (2) comprises drainage holes (2.2).
    [5]
    5.-System according to claim 1, wherein the bottom wall (2.1) of the container medium (2) is permeable to water.
    [6]
    6.-System according to claim 5, wherein the bottom wall (2.1) of the container means (2) is made of a geotextile material.
    [7]
    7.-System according to claim 1, wherein the container means (2) is made of expanded polystyrene foam.
    [8]
    8.-System according to claim 1, which further comprises irrigation means (5) that form irrigation points that guide the growth of the superficial secondary roots (1.2) of the host plant (1) through the mixture ( 3) contained in the container medium (2).
    [9]
    9.-System according to claim 8, wherein the irrigation means (5) are underground.
    [10]
    10. System according to claim 8, in which the irrigation means (5) comprise microtubes (5.1) equipped with anti-plugging devices (5.2).
    [11]
    11. System according to claim 1, in which the substrate of the mixture (3) comprises microbial biostimulant and / or truffle fertilizer
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2748066B2|2020-12-17|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES2669302T3|2010-09-17|2018-05-24|Horticoop B.V.|Device and procedure for growing one or more plants|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
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